All Categories : C/C++

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- Project 3 -
Data Basics

In this lesson, you learned about the fundamental data variables found in most C++ programs. You learned the following:

• Variables are either numeric or character-based.
  
  
• There are several types of numeric variables, but all are basically short and long versions of integers and floating-point values.
  
  
• Visual C++ includes character variables that hold single characters.
  
  
• If you want to store a string of characters, you must use a character array to hold the string.
  
  
• cout sends data to the screen.
  
  
• cin gets data from the user at the keyboard.
  
  

Project 3 Listing. Introduction to data and I/O.

1:  // Filename: PROJECT3.CPP

2:  // This program defines different kinds of variables and

3:  // lets the user's keyboard input fill the variables with

4:  // values. Subsequent couts print the data in the variables.

5:  #include <iostream.h>

6:

7:

8:  void main()

9:  {

10:    char prodName[12];

11:    int count;

12:    float price;

13:    float totalInv;

14:    cout << "Inventory Calculation" << endl;

15:    cout << "---------------------" << endl << endl;

16:

17:    cout << "This program calculates an inventory's cost." 

18:         << endl << endl;

19:    cout << "What is the product name? ";

20:    cin >> prodName;

21:    cout << "How many " << prodName << "s are there? ";

22:    cin >> count;

23:    cout << "How much does each " << prodName << " cost? ";

24:    cin >> price;

25:    // Ready to extend the inventory cost

26:    totalInv = count * price;

27:    cout.precision(2);

28:    cout.setf(ios::showpoint);

29:    cout.setf(ios::fixed);

30:    cout << endl << "The total valuation for " << prodName

31:         << " is $" << totalInv << endl;

32:    return;

33:  }

Output

Inventory Calculation

---------------------

This program calculates an inventory's cost.

What is the product name? Widget

How many Widgets are there? 3

How much does each Widget cost? 3.30

The total valuation for Widget is $9.90

Description

1: A Visual C++ comment that includes the program's filename.

2: A C++ comment that begins the program's description.

3: The program's description continues.

4: The program's description continues.

5: cout needs information in the IOSTREAM.H header file.

6: Extra blank lines make your program more readable.

7: Extra blank lines make your program more readable.

8: All functions have names, and the first function in all C++ programs is main().

9: All functions begin with a left brace.

10: Defines a character array that can hold a string as long as 11 characters plus a terminator.

11: Defines an integer variable that will hold an inventory count.

12: Defines a floating-point variable that will hold a floating-point price per inventory item.

13: Defines a floating-point variable that will hold a floating-point total price of all the items.

14: The first line of a title is printed.

15: The title appears underlined on the screen due to the well-placed hyphens.

16: Extra blank lines make your program more readable.

17: A printed message to describe the program's goal.

18: Two newlines that are a continuation of the previous line.

19: A prompt for the item name.

20: Takes the user's input and stores the item name in a character array.

21: A prompt for the item's inventory count.

22: The item's count is entered.

23: The cost of each item is requested.

24: The user enters the floating-point price per item.

25: A comment describing the upcoming program section.

26: The total inventory price for the item is calculated and stored in totalInv.

27: The dollar values require two decimal places to be printed.

28: An I/O manipulator that ensures a decimal point.

29: An I/O manipulator that ensures fixed point (as opposed to scientific notation) displays.

30: You can continue couts on more than one line, as done here, as long as you break the line at a <<.

31: The cout continues.

32: The program returns to QuickWin.

33: All program functions (main() here) end with a closing brace.

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5: Add ample comments at the top of your programs that give a brief description of the code.

22: Notice how the item name, obtained in line 20, is embedded in the prompt.

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